Positive Effects and Optimal Ranges of Tea Saponins on Phytoremediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil

Confirming positive effects and offering optimal ranges of tea saponins on improving the efficiency phytoremediation cadmium is a prerequisite for applying in field remediation. Existing studies qualitatively tested feasibility promoting absorption by hyperaccumulators pots experiments, while this study investigated increasing proportion available fraction contaminated soil quantitatively confirmed promoted Portulaca oleracea cadmium-contaminated water independent experiments hydroponic experiments. The results showed that acquiring higher fraction, concentration was negatively correlated with contained soil, treatment time between 3–9 days depending soil. Using could enhance relatively short to decrease left water. above findings help deepen understanding saponins’ use both conduce other heavy-metal-contaminated saponins.